How is a DNA Test Conducted?
After you submit your DNA test kit to the laboratory, the scientists look at segments of your genes and compare them to a map of the human genome. The test’s results are a summary of how your sample compares to that genetic baseline.
What Can a DNA Test Tell Me?
Because multiple varieties of DNA tests exist, the information you can glean from testing your DNA depends on the test. Depending on the specific test, you can learn the following types of information.
- You can be diagnosed for the presence and severity of specific diseases.
- You can check for any genetic mutations due to a known disease within your body.
- You can learn what genetic changes could increase the likelihood of becoming diseased.
- You can inform your doctor of potential genetic reactions to medications or treatment.
- You can learn what genetic changes could be inherited by potential children, as well as screen newborns for any conditions that might be easily treatable.
How Many Test Types Are There?
- Diagnostic testing checks if a disease is present and can recommend possible treatments for such a disease if you test positive.
- Predictive and Pre-symptomatic testing is relevant when you wish to see if a person is genetically predisposed toward certain diseases. This information can help people better assess their opinions on healthcare and living.
- Carrier tests determine if your genetics can pass diseases to offspring, regardless of whether you show symptoms of that disease. Note that some “carrier diseases” can only “travel” if both parents test positive. This information becomes relevant if you know one family line is predisposed to something like baldness or anemia.
- Prenatal testing is used to check fetuses for diseases.
- Newborn screening tests baby 24 to 48 hours after birth to see if they have specific illnesses that could hinder health and growth.
- Pharmacogenomic tests assess how certain medicines will react to your genetics and can be used by insurers to assess the best course of treatment.
- Research testing assays how your genetics affect your health.
What are the Pros and Cons of Testing?
While you can gain a load of information about your genetic history, in turn affecting your confidence and mood when it comes to undergoing medical treatments, testing can be costly and some become quite emotional upon hearing that they, or someone they know, is more likely to develop certain diseases.
How Can I Know I Should Be Tested?
There are plenty of reasons to undergo a test. Your doctor may recommend it if they suspect you or your family have a genetic pattern for certain diseases. Because testing is entirely voluntary, you should consult with a geneticist or genetic counselor to gain a clearer perspective on if you should be tested.
Read: 5 Genetically Transferable Diseases Everyone Should Know About
You can get an idea of which disease is probably going to hit you at what age. With this information, you can take proper care of your body and undergo predictive medication. This will not only lessen the probability of you getting ill because of certain genetical disorder, but can help to remove the strains of that disorder from your lineage.
